Suspensions measurements
Water samples of 1.7 dm-3 are collected with the water sampler (Niskin bottle type) from various depths, depending on the sampling design (usually 0m, 5m, 50m depth). Water subsamples of 100 to 500ml are filtered on combusted and pre weighted Whatman Glass Microfibre filters GF/F, 0.7 ľm to get concentration of Particulate Total Mater (PTM). Further procedures as described above with sedimentation samples processing.
Gravity flows are measured one meter over the sea bottom with Sensordata currentmeter Mini SD 6000 combined with Seapoint Turbidity Meter emitting light 880 nm and scatterance angles 15-150 degrees. Empirical data of solids concentration from Adventfjorden are then used to calibrate backscatter by plotting PTM (mg dm-3) against FTU (Formazin Turbidity Units) recorded by Seapoit Turbidity Meter. Received linear regression equation TPM = 0.9986 FTU+0.6899 (determination coefficient R2= 0.999) was used to calculate concentration of PTM and gravity flows.

Sedimentation measurements
The sediment traps are cylinders of perplex, 9.4 cm in diameter and 70 cm in length or 10/100cm.. Equipped with the outlet 100 cm from the bottom. Traps are deployed vertically in the water column, attached to the rope with buoy in such way, that allow them to hang vertically (Zajączkowski 2002) Traps are deposited from 12 to 48 hours, depending on the sedimentation intensity. Traps are deployed below euphotic zone or below the pyknokline, 1m above the seabed and usually in between in water column. Once retrieved, the samples is placed onboard vertically, to avoid mixing the collected sediment, and the excess water is removed through the outlet. Remaining 1 dm-3 of water with the accumulated sediment is placed into the sampling jar. In case of delay between collection and lab processing the sediment sample is fixed with 3% of formaldehyde.

In the lab, suspensions subsamples are filtered in combusted and pre-weighted Whatman Glass Microfibre filters GF/F 0,7 ľm, usually 100 to 200ml are filtered. After the filtration, the distilled water is used to wash out the salt particles from the filter. Some filters are kept frozen at -18 oC for further analyses (maximum 12 days storage for chlorophyll a), filters meant for the TSM (Total Sedimented Matter ) analyze are dried in 60 oC to stable weight, weighted, and next burned in 450 oC for 24 hours to combust the organic particles. After the burning, the filters are weighted again, and the remaining weight is considered as ISM (Inorganic Sedimented Matter). The organic matter amount is calculated as a weight loss in combustion. Additionally, subsamples of 50 to 100 ml of water are filtered on combusted filters for particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) analyses. Before processing on Perkin Elmer 2400 CHN analyzer, samples are stored 24 h in vapours of hydrochloric acid to remove of calcium carbonate, and then ventilated 8 h (Hadges, Stern 1984). Part of the original suspensions sample (usually 50 ml) is placed in the glass cylinder for 24 hours for settlement of suspensions, and after removing the excess water sediment sample is examined under the microscope for particles indentification.

Literature:
Hadges, J.I., Stern J.H. 1984, Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate containing solids. Limnol. Oceanogr. Vol. 29: 657-663
Zajaczkowski M., 2002, On the use of sediment traps in sedimentation measurements in glaciated fjords. Polish Polar Research. Vol. 23: 161-174.

2. Suspensions measurements