Marine Ecohydrodynamics Laboratory

Marine Ecohydrodynamics

Laboratory

Marine Ecohydrodynamics Laboratory was created in its present form in January 2007 to bring together the hydrodynamicists and ecologists to understand many complex marine problems. The main objective of the studies is to make physical processes intelligible to biologists using the mathematical tools as well as make the nature of life in the sea understandable to oceanographers. It is expected that the studies carried out within the Laboratory help the marine biologist and ecologists to know more about the mechanisms by which plants and animals live in the oceans, as well as physical oceanographers and fluid dynamicists to see how their knowledge of mechanics can be used to study marine ecology.

S t a f f

Assoc. Prof. Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka – Head of the laboratory
Prof. Czesław Druet
Prof. Stanisław Massel
Assoc. Prof. Andrzej Jankowski
Assoc. Prof. Paweł Schlichtholz
Dr. Jaromir Jakacki
M. Sc. Eng. Anna Przyborska
M. Sc. Maciej Janecki
M. Sc. Artur Nowicki
Danuta Pruszczak

Prof. Czesław Druet druet@iopan.gda.pl

Assoc. Prof. Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka dzierzb@iopan.gda.pl

M. Sc. Maciej Janecki amjanecki@iopan.gda.pl

M. Sc. Artur Nowicki anowicki@iopan.gda.pl

Dr. Jaromir Jakacki jjakacki@iopan.gda.pl

S p e c i f i c r e s e a r c h s u b j e c t s

modelling hydrodynamical and biological processes, having the influence on the space-time variability of the biological characteristics investigated.
quantitative expressions describing the various relationships between the rates of physiological processes of the dominant species and environmental factors are developed. The functional relations can be used in a simulation of the response of zooplankton to variations in their environment. The development of such theoretical descriptions is critical to the inclusion of these animals, as animals, in more general simulations of ecosystems.
numerical simulations of the influence of the turbulent mixing processes on the prey-predator interactions.

A one-dimensional Coupled Ecosystem Model (1D-CEM) consists of three submodels: a meteorological submodel for the physics of the upper layer and a biological submodel which is also driven by output from the physical submodel. The biological submodel is coupled with a high-resolution zooplankton module and a simple prey-predator module. In this model, mesozooplankton (herbivorous copepods) has been introduced as an animal having definite patterns of growth in successive stages, reproduction and mortality. However, the fish - predator is represented by 3 cohorts of early juvenile herring Clupea harengus. A copepod model describes the seasonal dynamics of Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus and Acartia spp. in the southern Baltic Sea. The copepod model links trophic processes and population dynamics, and simulates individual growth within cohorts and the changes in biomass between cohorts.

The 1D-CEM is an open model which enables the study of: (1) annual, seasonal, monthly and daily variability of marine plankton in the southern Baltic Sea, (2) the impact of various climatic conditions over several years, and (3) the influence of different hydrophysical and biological processes on the vertical distributions of characteristics as a function of time.

S e l e c t e d r e s u l t s

Figure. Average number of eggs in a function of cephalothorax length. Lines were fitted to data using the equations in Table 1 in paper D-G 2004.

Figure. The average daily production of egg matter per female as a function of temperature for satiated populations after D-G 2004.

S e l e c t e d p a p e r s

Druet, Cz., (2003). The fine structure of marine hydrophysical fields and its influence on the behaviour of plankton: an overview of some experimental and theoretical investigations, Oceanologia, 45 (4): 517-555.
Druet, Cz., (2000). Dynamika morza. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk, 288pp.
Druet, Cz., (1995). Elementy hydromechaniki geofizycznej. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 111pp.
Druet, Cz., (1994). Dynamika stratyfikowanego oceanu. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 225pp (in Polish).
Druet, Cz., Zieliński, A., (1994). Modelling the fine-structure of the phytoplankton concentration in a stable stratified sea, Oceanl. Acta, 17 (1): 79-88.
Druet, Cz., Siwecki, A., (1993). Vertical fine structure and small-scale mixing in the upper ocean layer of the Norwegian-Barents confluence zone, Stud. I Mater. Oceanol., 65 (2): 150-169.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., Jakacki, J., Janecki, M., Nowicki, A. 2011. Variability of the distribution of phytoplankton under influence of the changes of the main physical parameters in the Baltic Sea. Oceanologia -Baltex, praca w druku
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L., Lemieszek, A. & M.I. Żmijewska, 2011. Development and growth of Temora longicornis: numerical simulations using laboratory culture data. Oceanologia, 53 (1).
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L., Kulinski, K., Maciejewska, A. Jakacki, J. & Pempkowiak, J., 2010b. Particulate organic carbon in the southern Baltic Sea: numerical simulations and experimental data. Oceanologia, 52 (4), 621-648
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L., Żmijewska, I.M., Mudrak, S., Jakacki, J. & Lemieszek, A. 2010a. Population modelling of Acartia spp. in a water column ecosystem model for the South-Estern Baltic Sea. Biogeosciences, 7, 2247-2259.
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L., Lemieszek, A. & M.I. Żmijewska, 2009a. Parameterisation of a population model for Acartia spp. in the southern Baltic Sea. Part 1. Development time. Oceanologia, 51(2), 165-184.
Dzierzbicka-Glowacka, L., Lemieszek, A. & M.I. Żmijewska, 2009b. Parameterisation of a population model for Acartia spp. in the southern Baltic Sea. Part 2. Egg production. Oceanologia, 51(2): 185-201.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2007). Effects of phytoplankton mortality caused by unpredictable conditions – numerical simulations. Pol. J. Ecol., 55 (1): 27-37.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., Bielecka, L., Mudrak, S. (2006). Seasonal dynamics of Pseudocalanus minutus elongatus and Acartia spp. in the southern Baltic Sea (Gdańsk Deep) – numerical simulations. Biogeosciences, 3: 1157-1202.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2006). Encounter rate in zooplankton. Polish Journal of Environment Studies, 15 (2), 243-257.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2006). Effect of turbulent mixing on the marine plankton vertical distribution: model simulation. Pol. J. Ecol., 54 (2): 215-230.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2006). A numerical investigation of nutrient concentration in the Gdańsk Gulf as revealed by a coupled one-dimensional model. Polish Journal of Environment Studies, 15 (1): 61-72.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2006). Modelling the seasonal dynamics of marine plankton in the southern Baltic Sea, Part 2. Numerical simulations. Oceanologia, 48 (1), 41-71.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2005). Modelling the seasonal dynamics of marine plankton in the southern Baltic Sea, Part 1. A coupled ecosystem model. Oceanologia, 47 (4): 591-619.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2005). A numerical investigation of phytoplankton and Pseudocalanus elongatus dynamics in the spring bloom time in the Gdańsk Gulf Journal of Marine Systems, 53: 19-36.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2004). Growth and development of copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. Journal of Plankton Research, 26 (1): 49-60.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2004). The dependence of body weight in copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. on variations of ambient temperature and food concentration. Oceanologia, 46 (1), 45-63.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., 2004. The dependence of body weight in copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. on variations of ambient temperature and food concentration. Oceanologia, 46 (1): 45-63.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., Zieliński, A., (2004). Potential rate of reproduction for some geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus spp. Oceanologia, 46 (1): 65-83.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., (2004). Growth and development of copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. Journal of Plankton Research, 26 (1): 49-60.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., Zieliński, A., (2003). Growth rate of Pseudocalanus spp. as a function of food concentration, body weight and temperature. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 32 (4): 171-197.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., (2002). Numerical studies of the influence of food ingestion on phytoplankton and zooplankton biomasses, Oceanologia, 44 (1): 81-110.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., (2001). Numerical simulations of marine zooplankton dynamics and its interaction with other system components. Pol. J. Ecol., 49, 1, 3-18.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L., (2000). Mathematical modelling of the biological processes in the upper layer of the sea. Rozprawy i monografie, 13, 1-124 (in polish).
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., Zieliński, A., (1998). An algorithm for calculating the concentration of phytoplankton in a stratified sea with respect to the daily migration of zooplankton. Part 1. P-V-Z-D model. Oceanologia, 40 (4): 355-370.
Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, L., Zieliński, A., (1998). An algorithm for calculating the concentration of phytoplankton in a stratified sea with respect to the daily migration of zooplankton. Part 2. Numerical simulation. Oceanologia, 40 (4): 371-398.

Assoc. Prof. Andrzej Jankowski jankowsk@iopan.gda.pl

S p e c i f i c r e s e a r c h s u b j e c t s

the research focuses on hydrological characteristics and modelling (hydrodynamical - numerical) of meso- and macro-scale hydrodynamical phenomena and processes in the stratified seawater basins (natural and model ones).

The aim of the research is to study variability of hydrodynamic conditions of the basic hydrodynamical characteristics due to natural and antrophogenic changes in the sea - atmosphere - land system and analysis of consequences of this variability on the marine environment. The investigations are mainly related to the Baltic Sea and adjacent basins. Particular interest is given to modelling of three-dimensional (3-D) water circulation and upwelling events in the Baltic Sea.

S e l e c t e d p a p e r s

Jankowski A., (2003). Variability in the saline water exchange between the Baltic and the Gulf of Gdansk by the sigma-coordinate model. Oceanologia, 45 (1): 81-105.
Jankowski A., (2002). Variability of coastal water hydrodynamics in the southern Baltic - hindcast modelling of an upwelling event along the Polish coast. Oceanologia, 44 (4): 395-418.
Jankowski A., (2002), Application of a sigma-coordinate baroclinic model to the Baltic Sea, Oceanologia, 44 (1): 59-80.
Herman, A. and Jankowski, A., (2001). Wind- and density-driven water circulation in the Southern Baltic Sea - a numerical analysis. TASK Quarterly, 5 (1): 29-58.
Jankowski A., (2000). Wind - induced variability of hydrological parameters in the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea - numerical study. Oceanological Studies, 29 (3): 5-34.
Jankowski A., (1998). Symulacja cyrkulacji wód Bałtyku dla wybranych miesięcy od kwietnia do listopada. Rozprawy i monografie IO PAN , 8, 1-165.

Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Massel smas@iopan.gda.pl

Mgr inż. Anna Przyborska aniast@iopan.gda.pl

S p e c i f i c r e s e a r c h s u b j e c t s

ocean surface waves dynamics and air-sea interaction

The aim of the study is the mechanics of ocean wave breaking and its influence on the marine aerosol fluxes and gas transfer from the sea surface. In particular, the energy dissipation and estimation of energy loss due to wave breaking in deep waters is explored. Moreover, the rationale behind existing methods and practical outcomes for estimation of whitecap coverage of the sea surface and energy dissipation rate are studied.

initial boundary value problems for surface waves

The propagation of surface waves due to initial surface disturbances induced by body impact are studied. Especially, the impact of asteroid on the sea surface, as well as the propagation and run-up of induced waves on coastal beach are under consideration.

modelling of circulation of groundwater due to wave action on permeable beach.

For tide-less seas, the groundwater flow in shallow water is totally controlled by the surface wave dynamics. Two types of models are distinguished, namely the phase-averaged models, with time scale of the order of hours, and the phase-resolving models with time scale of the order seconds. The phase-averaged models are of particular interest for studying the groundwater circulation due to wave set-up. Resulting mean pressure gradient, though small, produces dynamical effects that may be far-reaching in coastal zone. Developed mathematical models are compared with experimental data.

S e l e c t e d r e s u l t s

Figure 1. Surface elevation due asteroid impact.

Figure 2. Averaged beach groundwater flow.

S e l e c t e d p a p e r s

Books:

Massel, S.R., (2007). Ocean Waves Breaking and Marine Aerosol Fluxes. Springer, New York, 323pp.
Nakagawa, T, Chanson, H., Massel, S.R., Hinwood, J., Osonphasop, Ch., (2006). Fluid Mechanics for Ecologists. Industrial Publishing and Consulting Incorporation, Tokyo, 394pp (in Japanese).
Massel, S.R., (1999). Fluid Mechanics for Marine Ecologists. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 566pp.
Massel, S.R., (1996). Ocean Surface Waves; their Physics and Prediction. World Scientific Publ., Singapore - New Jersey - London - Hong Kong, 491pp.
Debolskii, V., Jasińska, E., Massel, S.R., (1994). Flow Dynamics in Open Channel and Lithodynamics of Coastal Zone. Publ. Nauka, Moscow, 303pp (in Russian).
Massel, S.R. (Editor and co-author), Basiński, T., Jasińska, E., Mazurkiewicz, B., Onoszko, J., Robakiewicz, W., (1992). Hydrotechnical Manual. Marine Publ., Gdańsk, 338pp (in Polish).
Massel, S.R., Pilarczyk, K., (1992). Guidelines for Design and Construction of Flexible Revetments Incorporating Geotextiles in Marine Environment. Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses, Report of Working Group No. 21, Brussels, 197pp.
Belberov, Y.K., Antsyferov, S.M., Massel, S.R., Zaslavskii, M.M., Leontiev, I.O., Speransky, N.S., Kuznietsov, S.Yu., Pykhov, N.V., Dachev, V.Zh., (1990). Dynamical Processes in Coastal Regions. Results of the 'Kamtschiya' International Project. Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 190pp.
Massel, S.R., (1989). Hydrodynamics of Coastal Zones. Elsevier Science Publ., Amsterdam, 336pp.

Papers:

Jasińska, E., Massel, S.R., (2007). Water dynamics in estuaries along the Polish Baltic coast. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies XXXVI (2): 101-133.
Dera, J., Massel, S.R., Pliński, M., (2007). Impact of Polish scientists in the ocean and seas research. In „Present and perspective problems of the Earth and mining sciences”, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 73-121 (in Polish).
Massel, S.R., (2007). Review of the book by B. Voituriez, The Gulf Stream, IOC Ocean Forum Series. Oceanologia, 49 (1): 159-161.
Hong Phuoc V.L. and Massel S.R., (2006). Experiments on wave motion and suspended sediment concentration at Nang Hai, Can Gio mangrove forest. Oceanologia, 48 (1): 23-40.
Węsławski, J.M, Andrulewicz, E., Kotwicki, L Kuzebski, E. Lewandowski, A. Linkowski, T., Massel, S.R., Musielak, S., Oleńczuk-Neyman, K., Pempkowiak, J., Piekarek-Jankowska, H., Radziejewska, T., Różyński, G., Sagan, I., Skóra, K.E., Szefler, K., Urbański, J., Witek, Z., Wołowicz, M., Zachowicz, J., Zarzycki, T., (2006). Basis for a valuation of the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea: Rationale and quest for tools. Oceanologia 48 (1): 145-167.
Massel, S.R., Przyborska, A. and Przyborski, M., (2005). Attenuation of wave-induced groundwater pressure in shallow water. Part 2. Theory. Oceanologia 47 (3): 291-323.
Massel, S.R., Przyborska, A. and Przyborski, M., (2004). Attenuation of wave-induced groundwater pressure in shallow water. Part 1. Oceanologia 46 (3): 383-404.
Massel, S.R. and Pelinovsky, E.N., (2003). Impact of surface waves on the coastal ecosystems. In Yalciner, A.C., Pelinovsky, E.N., Okal, E. and Synolakis, C.E. (Eds). Submarine Landslides and Tsunamis. NATO Science Series, Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, 21: 251-258.
Massel, S.R., (2003). Selected Problems of the Baltic Sea Hydrodynamics. Proc. Intern. Seminar. School-Workshop “Cosastal Zone’03”, Lubiatowo, 223-236.
Massel, S.R., (2002). Circulation of groundwater due to wave set-up on permeable beach. Proc. Intern. Symposium LITTORAL 2002, Porto, 2: 161-168.
Massel, S.R., (2001). Investigations of seas and oceans. Proc. 1st Inter. Congress of Seas and Oceans, Maritime Univ. of Szczecin, 2: 85-89.
Massel, S.R., (2001). Znaczenie czynnika ekologicznego w inżynierii morskiej. Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika, 6: 343-347.
Massel, S.R., (2001). Wave-induced set-up and flow over shoals and coral reefs. Part 1. A simplified bottom geometry case, Oceanologia, 43 (4): 373-388.
Piórewicz, J., and Massel, S.R., (2001). Prediction of ocean waves in shallow water. Keppel Bay, Quensland, recorded data analysis, Proc. of 15th Australasian Coastal Ocean Eng. Conf., Gold Coast, 528-533.
Massel, S.R., (2001). On the relationship between wave breaking and marine aerosol concentration in deep sea areas. Archives of Hydro-engineering an Environmental Mechanics, 48 (2): 31-45.
Massel, S.R., Tęgowski, J., Chomka, M., Wichorowski, M., Dšbrowski, J., Stansberg, C.T. and Moe, V., (2001). Experimental study of the formation of steep waves and breakers. Oceanologia, 43 (3): 353-363.
Massel, S.R., (2001). Circulation of groundwater due to wave set-up on a permeable beach. Oceanologia, 43 (3): 279-290.
Massel, S.R., and Pelinovsky, E.N., (2001). Run-up of dispersive and breaking waves on beaches. Oceanologia, 43 (1): 61-97.
Massel, S.R., (2001). Wavelet analysis for processing of ocean surface wave records. Ocean Engineering, 28: 957-987.
Massel, S.R. and Gourlay, M.R., (2000). On the modelling of wave breaking and set-up on coral reefs. Coastal Engineering, 39 (1): 1-27.
Massel, S.R. and Sobey, R.J., (2000). Distribution of the highest wave in a record. Coastal Engineering Journal, 42: 153-173.
Massel, S.R., Furukawa, K. and Brinkman, R.M., (1999). Surface waves propagation in mangrove forests. Fluid Dynamics Research, 24: 219-249.
Massel, S.R., and R. Brinkman, R., (1999). Measurement and modelling of wave propagation and breaking at steep coral reefs. Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology '98, 27-36, Honolulu.
Massel, S.R., (1998). The limiting wave height in wind-induced waves train. Ocean Engineering, 25: 735-752.
Wolanski, E., Furukawa, K. and Massel, S.R., (1998). The role of oceanographic modelling in predicting the impact on coral reefs from global change. Jour. Global Envir. Eng., 4: 77-89.
Massel, S.R., and Brinkman, R., (1998). On the determination of directional wave spectra for practical applications. Apllied Ocean Research, 20: 357-374.

Assoc. Prof. Paweł Schlichtholz schlicht@iopan.gda.pl

S p e c i f i c r e s e a r c h s u b j e c t s

large-scale ocean dynamics.
climatic interactions in the Arctic.

He investigates these interesting topics by historical data analysis and process-oriented modeling. His recent studies has been focused on the dynamics of slope currents (East Greenland Current and Norwegian Atlantic Current/ West Spitsbergen Current system) and short-term climatic variability of water mass properties and circulation in the Arctic region in relation to atmospheric forcing (North Atlantic Oscillation).

S e l e c t e d p a p e r s

Houssais, M.-N., Herbaut, C., Schlichtholz, P. and Rousset, C. (2007). Arctic salinity anomalies and their link to the North Atlantic during a positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation. Progress in Oceanography, 73: 160-189.
Schlichtholz, P. and Goszczko, I., (2006). Interannual variability of the Atlantic water layer in the West Spitsbergen Current at 76.5^oN in summer 1991-2003. Deep-Sea Research I, 53: 608-626.
Schlichtholz, P., (2005). Climatological baroclinic forcing of the barotropic flow in the East Greenland Current in Fram Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, C08013, doi: 1029/2004JC002701.
Schlichtholz, P. and Goszczko, I., (2005). Was the Atlantic Water temperature in the West Spitsbergen Current predictable in the 1990s? Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L04610, doi: 10.1029/2004GL021724.
Schlichtholz, P., (2002). On a modified arrested topographic wave in Fram Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107 (C11), 3189, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000799.
Schlichtholz, P. and Houssais, M.-N., (2002). An overview of the -S correlations in Fram Strait based n the MIZEX 84 data. Oceanologia, 44 (2): 243-272.
Schlichtholz, P. and Houssais, M.-N., (1999). An investigation of the dynamics of the East Greenland Current in Fram Strait based on a simple analytical model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29: 2240-2265.
Schlichtholz, P. and Houssais, M.-N., (1999). An inverse modeling study in Fram Strait. Part I: Dynamics and circulation. Deep-Sea Research II, 46: 1083-1135.
Schlichtholz, P. and Houssais, M.-N., (1999). An inverse modeling study in Fram Strait. Part II: Water mass distribution and transports. Deep-Sea Research II, 46: 1137-1168.